We have an ongoing dialogue she continues52 eurocents for the first category of employee against 8The companies have had again all reviewANR also is struggling to maintain its independenceThe next step towards greater maritime safety concerns thus menImproving the readability of the Labour CodeEverything is here redesigned for the show I agree on the fact that do not change prices did anythingSo now only transparent de minimis aid iNature was given to man grow and multiplyIt happens now no day without that the American press denounces regulator imperialism of Europe, because the Microsoft case, of the will of Europeans to integrate air transport market of emission of gases greenhouse or certification of the chemicals legislation Reach. This criticism is unbridled, but it has at least two merits: that to show that Europe seen here as a machine to deregulate is perceived elsewhere to the contrary as hyperégulatrice. To also note that the influence of Europe in the world, if not geo-political, normative nature.
But, in this plan, Europe is not devoid of assets. The first of them is the environment. And it is appropriate that this issue is not a minor issue of international relations. Without the political determination of Europe, of the Kyoto Protocol would be dead today. The United States have done to make it so, without it. But a certain way, Kyoto is behind us. The issue is now the post-Kyoto plays after Bali. Europe is part to be the world leader in the fight against climate change, because it contracted for itself the ambitious commitments. It therefore returns him to propose new standards for the emission reduction from 2012 greenhouse gas by entering the game as well the US and emerging countries.
To achieve the standard environment for post-Kyoto, Europe will need to demonstrate not only determination, but also exemplary. However, on this last point, nothing is earned. Many European States are very below the Kyoto obligations and, even if the Europe of 27 will be able to meet these obligations in 2012, it will likely be that of extreme accuracy.
But how can you convince the emerging countries and the United States to enter the global bargaining on climate change One working hypotheses would especially be to penalise polluting exports. The idea is not absurd. But, again, if the European standard is to impose, it must give the example. However, for the time being, the European exports carbon intensity is not lower than that of the United States or China.
The other source ignored the global influence of Europe lies in the power of its domestic market. Indeed, from the point where it has a market where all standards are harmonized or unified, Europe becomes a player affect not only because it is a great solvent market, but also because its market standards, which are now the highest in the world, become necessarily standards necessary to the rest of the world.
The other consequence of the implementation of the European internal market is the acquisition by the Europe of real power of economic extraterritoriality. It means the power to influence the choices and strategies of non-European players. This is what happened in 2001 when the Commission has expressed its opposition to the merger between General Electric and Honewell Bull. It also comes to reproduce with the Microsoft case, condemned for not sharing technical information with competitors. In the matter, the notable fact is that the complaint against Microsoft was filed by an American company that probably knew that it was more likely to be received in Europe and the United States, where legislation is more concerned about the consumer and the survival of competitors to strictly speaking.
Two questions remain: can this normative influence extend to other areas Is constitutive of a new power It is not clear and, in any case, not acquired.
In the field of energy, the EU trying to sell without success to the Russia an Energy Charter which would allow it to obtain investment and supply guarantees. But, in an area as sensitive as the energy, the standard export struck head-on geopolitics. Vladimir Putin's Russia is hardly subject to tie its hands. It not ratify therefore probably never of the Energy Charter and the transit protocol that is bound. So that if the standard can mitigate the rigours of realpolitik, it can hardly fully substitute. This led naturally to answer the second question. The power by the standard will never replace traditional power of a State. And it is at the bottom that consider the Russian, Indian or Chinese, when they look at Europe. They fear it less than the United States but take it less seriously
